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References

References:

  1. Ajjan R, et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Brief Review for Primary Care Practitioners. Adv Ther. 2019;36:579–596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-0870-x.
  2. Alva S, et al. Accuracy of a 14-Day Factory-Calibrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring System With Advanced Algorithm in Pediatric and Adult Population With Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296820958754.
  3. Battelino T, et al. Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range. Diabetes Care. 2019. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0028.
  4. Beck RW, et al. Validation of Time in Range as an Outcome Measure for Diabetes Clinical Trials. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(3):400–405. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-1444.
  5. Bolinder J, et al. Novel glucose-sensing technology and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes a multicentre, non-masked, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;388(10057):2254–2263.
  6. Carlson AL, et al. Flash glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes managed with basal insulin in the USA: a retrospective real-world chart review study and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Diab Res Care. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002590.
  7. Cengiz E, and Tamborlane WV. A tale of two compartments: interstitial versus blood glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2009;11 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S11–S16. doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0002.
  8. Charleer S, et al. Quality of Life and Glucose Control After 1 Year of Nationwide Reimbursement of Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes (FUTURE): A Prospective Observational Real-World Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(2):389-397. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1610.
  9. Evans M, et al. The Impact of Flash Glucose Monitoring on Glycaemic Control as Measured by HbA1c: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials and Real-World Observational Studies. Diabetes Ther. 2020;11:83-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-019-00720-0.
  10. Evans M, et al. Reductions in HbA1c with Flash Glucose Monitoring Are Sustained for up to 24 Months: A Meta-Analysis of 75 Real-World Observational Studies. Diabetes Ther. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-022-01253-9.
  11. Fokkert M, et al. Improved well-being and decreased disease burden after 1-year use of flash glucose monitoring (FLARE-NL4). BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care. 2019;7:e000809. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000809.
  12. FreeStyle Libre 2 User Manual (EU).
  13. Garden GL, et al. HbA1c and hypoglycaemia outcomes for people with type 1 diabetes due to the introduction of a single-day structured education programme and flash glucose monitoring. Br J Diabetes. 2021;21:84–88. https://doi.org/10.15277/bjd.2021.284
  14. Haak T, et al. Flash glucose-sensing technology as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring for the management of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2016. doi:10.1007/s13300-016-0223-6.
  15. Hirst JA, et al. Quantifying the effect of metformin treatment and dose on glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2012 Feb;35(2):446–54. doi:10.2337/dc11-1465.
  16. Lang J, et al. Expanded Real-World Use Reaffirms Strong Correlation between Scanning Frequency of Flash Glucose Monitoring and Glucose Control. Diabetes. 1 June 2019; 68 (Supplement_1): 972–P. https://doi.org/10.2337/db19-972-P.
  17. Miller E, Brandner L, Wright E. HbA1c reduction after initiation of the FreeStyle Libre system in type 2 diabetes patients on long-acting insulin or non-insulin therapy [84-LB]. Poster presented at: American Diabetes (ADA) 80th Scientific Sessions.
  18. Seibold AJ, Minimizing Adverse Skin Reactions to Wearable Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors in Patients With Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021 May;15(3):713–714. doi: 10.1177/1932296820984763.
  19. Unger J, et al. Practical guidance for using the FreeStyle Libre flash continuous glucose monitoring in primary care. Postgrad Med. 2020 May;132(4):305–313. doi:10.1080/00325481.2020.1744393.
  20. Vigersky RA, et al. The Relationship of Hemoglobin A1C to Time-in-Range in Patients with Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 Feb;21(2):81–85. doi:10.1089/dia.2018.0310.
  21. Wright E, et al. Use of Flash Continuous Glucose Monitoring Is Associated With A1C Reduction in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin or Noninsulin Therapy. Diabetes Spectrum. 2021;34(2):184–189. https://doi.org/10.2337/ds20-0069.
  22. Yaron M, et al. Effect of Flash Glucose Monitoring Technology on Glycemic Control and Treatment Satisfaction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019 Jul;42(7):1178–1184. doi:10.2337/dc18-0166.
  23. Bailey T, et al. The Performance and Usability of a Factory-Calibrated Flash Glucose Monitoring System. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics. 2015; 17(11):787–794.
  24. Hoss et al. Feasibility of Factory Calibration for Subcutaneous Glucose sensors in Subjects with Diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2014;Vol.8(1):89–94.
  25. Data on file: Abbott Diabetes Care. FreeStyle Optium Neo product monograph (ADC-46172).
  26. Scott EM, Bilous RW, Kautzky-Willer A. Accuracy, user acceptability, and safety evaluation for the FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system when used by pregnant women with diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018;20(3):180–188.
  27. Campbell FM, et al. Outcomes of using flash glucose monitoring technology by children and young people with type 1 diabetes in a single arm study. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018 Nov;19(7):1294–1301. doi:10.1111/pedi.12735.
  28. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetes Diet, Eating, & Physical Activity. 2016. Accessed 25 Aug 2022. Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/diet-eating-physical-activity.
  29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sleep for a Good Cause. 2022. Accessed 25 Aug 2022. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/features/diabetes-sleep.html.
  30. Rao PV, Makkar BM, Viswanathan. RSSDI consensus on self-monitoring of blood glucose in types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus in India. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2018;38:260–279.
  31. Joshi SR. Glycemic Variability and Ambulatory Glucose Profile in Indian Diabetics. JAPI. 2016.
  32. Borgharkar SS, Das SS. Real-world evidence of glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India: the TIGHT study. BMJ Open Diab Res Care. 2019;7:e000654. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000654.

Footnotes:

Data on File. Abbott Diabetes Care.

The FreeStyle LibreLink app is only compatible with certain mobile devices and operating systems. Please check our compatibility guide for more information about device compatibility before using the app.

Terms and conditions apply. Check your eligibility here.

± Work with your healthcare professional to understand your glucose history.

* Scanning the sensor to obtain glucose values does not require lancets. To get a 24-hour glycaemic picture, users need to scan at least once every 8 hours

** Sensor is water resistant in up to 1 meter (3 feet) of water. Do not immerse longer than 30 minutes.

~ Data based on the number of users worldwide for the FreeStyle Libre system compared to the number of users for other leading personal use sensor based glucose monitoring systems.

§ Sensor dimensions: 35mm x 5mm Weight: 5 grams.

# The FreeStyle Libre reader can capture data from within 1cm to 4cm of the sensor, even through clothing.

ф Most people did not feel any discomfort under the skin while wearing the FreeStyle Libre sensor. In a study conducted by Abbott Diabetes Care, 93.4% of patients surveyed (n=30) strongly agree or agree that while wearing the sensor, they did not feel any discomfort under their skin. [29 persons have finished the study; 1 person terminated the study after 3 days due to skin irritations in the area where the sensor touched the skin].

†† Finger pricks are required if glucose readings and alarms do not match symptoms or expectations.

Hospital admission decreased from 3.3% to 2.2% at 12 months (p=0.0031). This study was done with the FreeStyle Libre system on 1913 people with type 1 diabetes. The results were measured were quality of life, number of hospital admissions and hypoglycaemic events. The results were measures at 6 months and 12 months.13

Hospital admission decreased from 13.7% to 4.7% at 12 months (p=0.005). This study was done with the FreeStyle Libre system on 1365 people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes on insulin. The duration of the study was 1 year and the findings were measured A1c levels, hypoglycaemic and patient-reported outcomes.13

Abbreviations:

HbA1c/A1: glycated haemoglobin; BGM: blood glucose monitoring; CGM: continuous glucose monitoring; HCP: health care professional; hypo: hypoglycaemic event; ISF: interstitial fluid; MDI: multiple daily injections; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SMBG: self-monitoring of blood glucose; TIR: time in range; T1D: type 1 diabetes; T2D: type 2 diabetes.